Steam-turbine.



UNITED STATES PATENT oFFr-CE.

JOHANN STUMPF, OF

s'rEAM-TURBINE.

. No. senese.

CHARLOTTEN BURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELIMLFRIC. COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Patented March 10, 1908.

Application led September 8, 1903, Serial No. lf2-,24.2. Renewed October 4, 1905. Serial No. 281.244.

- To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that LJOHANN STUMPF, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, and resident of 27 Rankestrasse, Charlottenburg, near Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German E1n ire, have invented certain new and useful liin rovements in Steam or Gas Turbines, of w 'ch the/following is an exact specification. My invention relates to improvements in steam or gas'turbines and more especially to such turbines, rovided with-several turbine wheels or wit several rows of vanes or buckets.

The purlpose of my invention consists in avoiding t of the air in these vanes or buckets which are not im inged upon by the steam. In all turbines t ese losses effect a considerable diminution of the energy of thev turbine and it has-been found out that according to the density ofthe medium in which the vanes or buckets move, these losses can even amount to of the total` energy of the turbine. These losses arising by the action of the buckets will be most considerable if one or several turbine wheels must rotate without any steam impinging upon the same. This occurs in case of turbines with several turbine wheels in which the energy of the steam is step by ste utilized. If in such turbines one or severa turbine wheels are to be out out of service, these turbine Wheels on account of all turbine wheels'being lixed to the same 'shaft, are naturally rotated and in consequence thereof these turbine.v wheels have to overcome the resistance of the air. This resistance is still more considerable in turbines with backward and forward movement, in which turbines one orseveral turbine wheels are'provided for the movement in one direction, and one or several others for the movement in the other direction. If in such turbines the steam impinges upon' the turbine wheels which effect the movement of the turbine in one direction, the turbine wheels which are adapted to effect the movement of the turbine in -the other direction, are taken along on account of being fixed to the same shaft. The vanes or buckets of these turbine wheels consequently move against the air or other fluid medium situated -in .the turbine casing, so that these varies or buckets act in the manner of a ventilator and elect thereby considerable losses in the e losses arising by the resistance .energy of the turbine. Now it has shown that-this resistance of the an' depends upon the free space in which the turbine wheelV moves, that is to say. in case only a very small free space is situated around the turbine wheel, the resistance of the Aair is only very small. In the most turbines it is however .impossible to arrange the turbine wheels in that manner that they lit exactly into the casing surrounding the same. In

several turbine wheel systems the admission nozzles and the like necessitate a special form of the casing which form rendersit impossible to Aarrange the walls of the casing directly around the. turbine wheel. Certainarts of the turbine wheels must al\\'a \'s be eft freefor the inlet and outlet of the-steam and these free 'parts-of ,the turbine wheels effect a considerable loss during the rotation of the turbine. In order to do away with this disadvantage, I provide iny new invention, which consists in arranging annular slides which can be shifted over these turbine wheels which arenotimpinged upon by the i steam.

In order to make my invention more. clear, I referto the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a scheme showing my invention a plied to a turbine with buckets,- Fig. 2 s rows part of the rims of the turbine wheels, Fig. 3 1s a scheme showing the invention appliedto a turbine with vanas, and Fig. 4

.shows part of the riin of the turbine shown in Fig. 3.

In the draywinI (Fig, l) a and b are turbine wheels the, bnc ets of which are arranged in opposite directions. Both turbine wheels are fixed to the common shaft c. d indicates the admission nozzles for the turbine wheel a., and e indicate the admission nozzles for" the turbine. wheel b. j' is an annular slide which in the position shown is situated around the turbine wheel b a'nd is separate from the wheel casing. It is to be noted that the slide acts only on the buckets which are no t receiving steam. The size and shape of this slide or covering may bc changed to suit the shape of the wheel buckets and the number in operation. This slide j' can be moved by means of bars or other similar means which may lie-actuated by hand, by means of a governor or in any other convenient way. If the movement of the turbine is to be reversed the slidef haste be shifted over L, i s813633 the turbine wheel a. The slide f conselt will be understood that the invention ina be applied to nearly all construct-ions of tur nies and tliatany convenient 'number of.

turbine wheels maf be arrangedupon the same shaft. It wil also be understood..that.

instead of several turbine Wheels one turbine 4wheel providei'l with several rowsof varies and bi'ickets may be'nsed. Incase of using turbine wheels with varies after the Laval'- tvpc, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it will be cleu-i"tliat the resistanceof the air inl'the buckets occurs not only at the circumferencebut also at the sides of the rims and it will therefore be advantageous to arrange a slide which not only covers the circumference but also the sides of the turbine wheel rims.

In the construction shown in Fig. 3 a slide g is shown, which has a T-slia ed cross sec-- 11i\on. The part g is situate between-the ."tnrbiiie'wheels li and 'ifln the position shown in vthe drawing the slide covers the circumference of the turbine Wheel g and the inner side of tli'e rim` of this turbinefwlieel. Il tlie slide ismoved to the lefthand -side the circumference and the' inner side ofthe rini o'f tlie wheel h will be=covered. "If also the outside of the rims' shall be'covered speciall rings may be provided for this purpose.

ltwill beunderstood that tli'e construetidii shown in the drawing isA only an 'example and that the 'saine inn-jv' 'be inodified in `-different.

ways, for instance instead 'of arranging one slide for each Wheel several 'slides' may be pro! vided.

The invention i s not only applicable for turbines with backwards and forwards move- 'nieiit-,but can also be applied to turbines with several turbine Wheels runningr in tlfe'smne direction if'one or more of Y,these "turbine wheels are to be cut out, but inn'st rotate with the other ones. i

llm'ing thus,v fulldescribed the nii-ture of this invention; 'what I desire to sefnr-e by Letters Patent of the. United States is 1. In a-s'teain or gas turbine, the combinetion of a plurality of turbine wheels provided with buckets or vanes, and adjustable means for covering one of said turbine wheels.

2. In a steam or gas turbine7 the combina-- tion of a .ilurality of. turbine Wheels. provided-,With u ekets or varies, and an annular slide adapte-d to cover one of said turbine 3. In a steainjor gas turbine, the combination' of two turbine' wheels provided with .buckets or vanes, an annular slide adapted to cover one or more of said turbine wheels, and means on said slide adapted to cover one or more sides of said buckets or varies.

4. In 'a steanior gas turbine, the combination of two turbine Wheels provided with buckets or vanes and an annular slide having a flange adapted' tol cover. the 'sides of said bucketsor van'es.

5. In an elasticfluid turbine, the conibiiia tion of a wheel having active and idle buckets with an adjustable covering for the idle buckets; l

6. ln an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of wheel buckets, a device discharging liuid'against certain of the' buckets, and an adjustable covering for the idle buckets.

'7.' In an-el'asticlfl'uid turbine, the combina;

i tion of a Wheel having active and idle buckets, with an adjustable covering which prei sents sinotli surfaces to the' idle buckets.

8. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinai tion 'of 'a wheel having active and idle pe' ripheral buckets, With'an"adjustable'covering forthe idle buckets wliich'present-s a smooth surface to the'. :periphery 'of the 4Wheel and a. s inooth surface ,to the 'side 4"ott-lie buckets?" 9.' In an elastic-fluid turbii'i'e,tlieooinbinaf tion f buckets arranged in rows, Witl'ifa'coveringiwliicli can be shifted from one, rou to 10.' ln an lelastic-fluid turbine. tlie combination of a wheel, and si. complete 'range of idle` buckets, nith'a c vering presenting a smootlilsurface to the buckets for reducing therotation losses of all of saidbuckets. i

ln testimony whereof I have Isigned my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

lOl iA'b STUMPF.

' fitness A, llicvnr HAsnEii, ltoriiiiinin l-liujr'r. 

